Nat King Cole Essay - 2370 Words

Nat quot;Kingquot; Cole Music is a universal language, a language that many can speak; however, one that only few can master. One of those masters was Nat amp;quot;Kingamp;quot; Cole. A true legend, Nat not only could carry a song with his voice, but also through his incredible skills with the piano. Today, Nat is most remembered for that soft, soothing and so powerful voice; however he is recognized as one of the greatest jazz pianists of all-time. The man today known as Nat amp;quot;Kingamp;quot; Cole was actually born in Nathaniel Adams Coles, in Montgomery, Alabama on March 17, 1917. By the age of four, his father, Edward James Coles Sr. and his mother, Perlina Adams Coles, decided it would be best that the family move to†¦show more content†¦On one summer’s day, while playing at the Century Club, Nat was approached by Lewis to form a band. Lewis saw a special talent in Nat and offered him $75/week if he would play the Swanee Inn. Nat gladly accepted, not knowing that this offer would eventually lead to the success and wealth that had been eluding him for the most part. The King Cole Trio was about to be born. Nat now had to form a group. The first person to come to Nat’s mind was the drummer, Lee Young. Young however, had different ideas, deciding that there was no room for a drummer at the Swanee. Next Nat approached bassist Wesley Prince, whom he had met while playing the at club scene. Prince decided to accept Nat’s offer and along the way suggested the name of a guitarist named Oscar Moore, who would become the final member of the trio. Originally called King Cole and his Swingsters, the band eventually evolved to become the name that is famous today, the King Cole Trio. The trio was a talented group. From the second they played together, it was clear that these men performed with real chemistry, especially Nat and Oscar. Both men grew up listening to the same great jazz artists, including: Louis Armstrong, Earl Hines, Jimmy Noone and Art Tatum, all of whom had a profound influence on Nat’s and Oscar’s playing styles; yet there was something more when theseShow MoreRelatedNat King Cole s Vocal Style1434 Words   |  6 Pages Today, 66 years after the peak of his career, Nat King Cole remains to be a household name. Most anyone you ask will recognize his iconic baritone vocals. Although he is best known for his vocal style, Cole was also an extremely talented piano player. Along with his elegant presence, Cole was able to break the strong barriers of racism in the 1960s, leaving a legacy for artists behind him. Cole was raised in an extremely religious household outside of Chicago. His mother was the choir directorRead MoreThe Beauty Of Mona Lisa1477 Words   |  6 Pages Also in the 1950’s Nat King Cole wrote a top selling record called the Mona Lisa. Nats song about the Mona Lisa was so popular that it sold over a million copies in just one year and it also successfully reached number one on the Billboard singles! Nat King Cole was born in 1919 in Montgomery Alabama, and at the age of five Nats family moved to the South Side of Chicago into an African American neighborhood, and was raised in the lower-middle class. His first name was Cole but when he became famousRead MoreTelevision And Its Impact On The Production Of American Identities1191 Words   |  5 Pagesservants, the Nat King Cole fundamentally altered the role of people of color on television. For example, Nat King Cole represented the first time that African Americans were agents of â€Å"representing culture and music and talk† in media. In the documentary, Diahann Carrol discusses the â€Å"adjustments† and negotiations made by people of color in the entertainment industry. In order to keep their jobs, they hid anger, disappointed and avoided questions of â€Å"what’s wrong with me?† Perhaps Nat King Cole’sRead MoreThe Music Of The 1940 S1273 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most popular singers . There was Frank Sinatra, Dinah Shore, Tony Bennett, Pat Boone, Nat King Cole, Kate Smith and Perry Como. All of these very popular singers led the hit parade. They sang the songs that went with the mood of the country in the early 50s. Many of these crooners became the idols of the decade’s later rock and roll stars, who used their influence to create a unique sound. Nat King Cole was not only one of the first African American singers to reach such heights of popularityRead MoreAnalysis : Chestnuts Roasting On An Open Fire 2333 Words   |  10 Pagesfather died of lung cancer at the age of 45. After that my life went spiralling out of control. Involving drugs and a bad relationship with my mother. I am Natalie Cole daughter of Maria and Nat King Cole. And this is my story. February 6th, 1950 at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital at 6:07pm my mom gave birth to precious little me! Natalie Maria Cole 7lbs 11oz. I am the first born child to my mom and dad. But my parents adopted my mom’s daughter because she was an orphan. Her mom died of tuberculosis and herRead MoreDescriptive Essay : Who I Am1133 Words   |  5 Pagesare written with purpose and a meaning. Both Nat King Cole and Dan Croll will share the spotlight on my stereo. A last glance back when exiting my room would make one think that it contains very little. Yet, I find that it holds all that I could ever hope for. It is not an abundance of material possessions that makes me feel complete. Instead, the words of Salinger, the hanging photos of smiling faces, and a mounted worn down surfboard while Nat King Cole sings â€Å"Unforgettable† in the background leaveRead MoreLouis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, And Nat King Cole Essay2010 Words   |  9 Pages Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, and Nat King Cole. These men all lived vastly different lives, but one exploit that they will always hold in common is that they helped to develop jazz into the integral part of music it exists as today. Jazz created a form of expression that allowed an entire generation to show what they valued and what they represented in life, which is exactly what the men I mentioned earlier did. Accordingly, they did not just make catchy tunes for d ancing to andRead MoreIn the Kitchen Analysis Essay670 Words   |  3 Pagestelevision. While they were all watching, they saw Nat King Cole, a famous singer with â€Å"patent-leather hair† (328). His hair was processed, but not to the point where it looked completely like white peoples’ hair. It still looked somewhat natural. Back then, it was rare for an African American to be seen on television as Cole was. This shows the slow transition of blacks becoming accepted into white society. While Gates writes about his family was watching Cole on television it shows the togetherness ofRead MoreRay Charles683 Words   |  3 Pageslike he accomplished this to the best of his ability and this paved the way for many artists to do this action in today’s era. There are many influences that motivated Ray to experience to different type of music genres. Ray’s obsession with Nat King Cole pushed him to mimic his style in the beginning of his career. Due to his wife not liking they route he was going with he went down a different path of genre to an upbeat type of genre. With different music stars around him such as Elvis, Ray hadRead MoreEssay on Rock and Roll1295 Words   |  6 Pagesassault on Nat King Cole as an example in order to illustrate the degree of physical violence that resulted from this resistance. While performing at an all-white venue, Cole was ambushed by a mob of white supremacists and repeatedly beaten. Aside from receiving physical injuries, Cole was also criticized by Black activists for not demanding to perform at an integrated venue. The Amsterdam News claimed that â€Å"thousands of Harlem blacks who have worshiped at the shrine of singer Nat King Cole turned their

Black Men And The Civil War - 927 Words

Sometimes history just makes absolutely no sense for instance it is said that all men were created equal and yet African Americans and slaves are treated badly and have absolutely no say in the government, they aren’t even considered a citizen, Even freed â€Å"Black men† have very little rights, another fine example why things in history makes no sense is that women were treated as second class citizen but then during Jefferson’s time women were one of the most important roles in the white house. Abraham freed slaves also makes no sense during the civil war period he said that slaves under his control were freed but the north didn’t support slaves and the south didn’t see Abraham as a president so he freed no one. Jefferson did many things that make no sense but one of them was when he purchased Louisiana from France he bought it with no permission and Jefferson was the one who was all against breaking the rules. One of the things that makes no sen se is that the United States said all men were considered equal but black men were not considered as citizens of the U.S. they weren’t even considered as men instead they were considered as property of the owner and they were free to punish them at any time, owners can even kill their slaves and get away with it without getting into deep trouble. In a colony with a constitution that says â€Å"All Men are Created Equal† it doesn’t live up to its name. Though most slaves were African American some were Indians along with Irish people bothShow MoreRelatedWomen in Civil War1004 Words   |  5 PagesWomen, Slaves, and Free Blacks in the Civil War What roles did the Northern women play in the war effort on the Union side during the Civil War? What roles did the Southern women play in the war effort on the Confederate side during the Civil War? How did the war affect each group? â€Å"There were just shy of 400 documented cases of women who served as soldiers during the Civil War, according to the records of the Sanitary Commission.† (Brown, 2012) Women during the 19th century, according toRead MoreThe Civil War : The United States909 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was one of the most pivotal and significant moments in the history of the United States of America. Therefore, its impact of the Civil War was tremendous, and in many ways has shaped the way the United States has evolved into the present. The Civil War brought lots of beneficial changes to America including economic, agriculture, military, and people’s lives. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to help or support their husbands in the field, or other soldiersRead MoreThe Civil War And American History890 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world we live in today. Throughout the 1800s, the most memorable times in America took place throughout the Civil War. Events that escalated before, during and even following the Civil War resulted in a chain of reactions from many people within that period. After analyzing the events of the Civil W ar, I was able to draw a connection to the actions of the soldiers, women and Black Americans and how they were consistent with Christian faith. Prior to emphasizing how Americans were consistentRead MoreThe Impact Of The Civil Rights Movement1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue of civil rights was a major one throughout the post-Civil War Reconstruction period and remained so throughout the period leading up to the Korean War in the 1960s. The civil rights struggle was caused largely by southern states’ treatment of African Americans. Slavery was a rampant practice in the pre-Civil War south, and even those African Americans who managed to obtain their freedom were not treated as equals to other citizens in the southern states. Free black men did not have theRead MoreThe Battle Of Fort Wagner1421 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican-American unit in the Civil War) Note: The Battle of Fort Wagner - exemplifies the greatest contributions of Black soldiers during the Civil War o Displayed extreme heroism in assault on Fort Wagner on Morris Island, South Carolina, in July 1863 †¢ â€Å". . . In the face of heavy odds, black troops had proved once again their courage, determination, and willingness to die for the freedom of their race† McPherson, â€Å"The Negro’s Civil War† (pages 192-195) o Many causalities – black soldiers repeatedlyRead More Black Militia’s Formation Essay example1580 Words   |  7 Pagesslavery and state’s rights, the Louisiana black militia’s formation and involvement during the Civil War was not one without strife. The Union and Confederacy were both divergent in issues regarding the black population. It was only innate the black population would assist in the struggle which would determine their future to be free from subrogation. In order to review the history of the Civil War, it is only practical to view the involvement of black men during this struggle. James G. HollandsworthRead MoreThe During The 19th Century902 Words   |  4 Pagesevents in the 19th century had changed the lives of women and blacks completely. It was an age where the impact of the industrial revolution caused a sharp differentiation between the gender roles, especially of the upper and middle classes. In 19th century, appeared the events such as African American Civil Rights Movement, Civil War, and The Women’s Rights Movement had put women and blacks’ role to a new level. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to support the soldiersRead MoreDoes Slavery Still Exist?1002 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery ended after the war of freedom was over. Civil War was the main reason. From the beginning of slavery to the end of slavery was a nightmare. Slavery in America started in the early 17th century. The first slaves were bought and imported from the New Netherlands West India Company. When slaves came to America, people wanted one because slavery made their life easier and their businesses were more productive. It was typical to see every family having one. Eleven black males were the first toRead MoreAlly Bireley. Mr. Cone. Apush - 1St. 24 February 2017.1427 Words   |  6 PagesSoldier’s Tale Amongst almost 3 million Civil War soldiers, over 600,000 lost their lives defending their notions of freedom and liberty in America. Approximately two-thirds of these soldiers, nonetheless, died from disease rather than wounds received on the battlefield. Lack of efficient medicine and health care caused much more impacting damage, as well as scarce, not up-to-date resources, and social divisions between the soldiers. Typically, an average Civil War soldier could expect to face extremeRead MoreThe Meaning Of Freedom940 Words   |  4 PagesDespite disagreements about rights given to black Americans after the Civil War, white Americans and black Americans agreed on the meaning of freedom during and after the Civil War to a moderate extent. However, there were many ambivalent feelings in the ways in which the two groups agreed and disagreed. Foremost, one must consider the meaning of freedom. Throughout the Civil War, the meaning of freedom, and the meaning of equality, kept changing. This can be seen through the passage of the thirteenth

Contrasting English with Other Language Free Essays

string(19) " is in the future\." Q: Contrast English with one other language with respect to TWO particular points of grammar or vocabulary. With reference to that point of grammar/vocabulary, state how native speakers of these languages would be predicted to differ in their thinking or perception if we accept the linguistic relativity hypothesis. How might you test this prediction experimentally? This essay will discuss the linguistic relativity hypothesis contrasting the English language with the most common Chinese dialect, Mandarin. We will write a custom essay sample on Contrasting English with Other Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now The question of whether or not the language we speak shapes how we view the world has interested the fields of anthropology, psychology and linguistics for many years. Using two aspects of vocabulary, which I have chosen to be that of ‘space’ and ‘time’, I will attempt to predict how native Mandarin and English speakers may differ in their conceptions of the sequential order of time. Following these predictions I will outline a proposed method as to test the predictions experimentally. A definition and brief history of how the linguistic relativity hypothesis developed into what it is today is the necessary starting platform for this essay. Today and indeed spanning back through this century, Benjamin Lee Whorf is most commonly associated with the hypothesis of linguistic relativity. (Slobin, 1996, p. 70). However it is due to the arguments and advancing hypotheses of Hamann, Herder, Humboldt, Boas and Sapir that brought about today’s view of linguistic relativism (Gumperz Levinson, 1996, p. 2). Hamann was the first German philosopher to bring light and discussion to the relationship of language and cognitive thinking. In 1762 Hamann recorded many ideas with attribute to linguistic relativism in his work ‘Kreuzzuge des Philologen’. Here Hamann states how â€Å"Language did not originate from thought, but its origin had been prior to thought, for thought presupposes a language in which it might manifest itself† (Beek, 2005, p. 7). Herder was Hamann’s student and it is visible in his work that he was influenced by the teachings of Hamann. The progression of this discussion began as Herder believed that language was a result of psychological, historical and natural forces, (McAfee, 2004, p. 28), and had no divine origin as thought by Hamann. Whorf also shared this belief among others with Herder. Whorf put such eliefs into his studies, the prevalent shared theory being that â€Å"external features of a particular language could provide clues to its inner character† (McAfee, 2004, p. 28). The 19th century paved way for the German philosopher and language theorist, Humboldt. Whorf drew many of his theories from those of Humboldt’s. Humboldt strongly believed that language and thought were one and that with the absence of language, cognition could not be articulated clearly, (McAfee 2004, p. 28). Humboldt is the first mentioned in this essay to seek a substantial amount of evidence in order to prove or further predict his thoughts on linguistic relativity. Due to lack of concrete information present in the linguistic comparative research field, Humboldt backed up his claims by using evidence from non-western languages (Beek 2005, p. 8). One of his studies examined the different amount of words for the animal ‘elephant’, in the English and Sanskrit languages. He found that in comparison to the English word ‘elephant’ which carries only one meaning, there were several words for elephant in the Sanskrit language denoting many meanings. His concluding thoughts on this were that because of the differences in their vocabulary, the English and the Sanskrit would perceive the animal differently. This led Humboldt to further believe that each culture had its own world view, a theory known and adapted by Whorf as ‘Weltanschauung’ (McAfee, 2004, p. 29) Humboldt’s theory ‘Weltanschauung’ was brought to America by the founder of the American School of Anthropology, Boas. This was due to the fact that Boas shared Humboldt’s view that each culture had a distinct identity and could only be fully understood through the study of its history, society, traditions and of course language (McAfee, 2004, p. 9). Boas, teacher of Sapir (Sapir, teacher of Whorf), was credited by Whorf with his theory that different exotic cultures exemplify different methods of thinking. It was Sapir that introduced Whorf to the claims made by his teacher, Boas. Whorf took this theory and altered it, stating that unlike Boas, he felt that it was linguistic structures rather than conceptual differences that led to different world views of different cultures (McAfee 2004, p. 29). Sapir argues that through his article entitled â€Å"The status of linguistics as a science† it is the language of a society that shapes the world we live in. Sapir blatantly states that human beings are â€Å"at the mercy† of the language they speak. Whorf, learning and drawing from each of his predecessors gave meaning to his hypothesis of linguistic relativity where he believes that it is the different grammars of languages that lead to different types of observations and evaluations of â€Å"externally different facts of observation† (Gumperz Levinson, 1996, p. 6). Therefor it can clearly be seen that although the linguistic relativity hypothesis has come to being more commonly known as the ‘Whorfian Hypothesis’, it is not only Whorf who should be accredited with the hypothesis, but all minds that lead to the final wordings of Whorf. However, in today’s society and with the advancement of cognitive science, Whorf’s claims cannot stand alone. His view has been dissipated. Now leading the research are Lera Boroditsky, John A. Lucy and Stephen C. Levinson. These linguists are concerned with answering the question â€Å"Does language shape thought? , and relying more on evidence than thoughts and theories. This essay will conform to the modern resurgence of the question â€Å"Does language shape thought? † Different languages have different vocabularies. Do people of different languages view the world differently because of their respective vocabularies? More specifically, does the differing vocabulary associated with space and time associated with different languages affect the speaker’s cognitive conceptions of the sequential order of time? Of course, many aspects of time are common to all languages and therefor cultures. For example, yesterday is in the past and tomorrow is in the future. You read "Contrasting English with Other Language" in category "Language" Indeed these concepts are universal across all languages. However, what is not universally accepted by all languages regarding the above statement is the sequential order of yesterday and tomorrow. For native English speakers, tomorrow would be thought to be in front of you, forward. Yesterday would be thought to be behind you, backwards. This is due to the use of the English language’s spatial terms representing time. ‘In front’ and ‘behind’ are spatial terms that shape the thoughts of English people’s perception of time. This statement is meaningless without the comparison of another language with different conceptions of special awareness involving time. Mandarin. Mandarin also uses the spatial terms ‘in front’ (‘qian’) and ‘behind’ (‘Beihou’) when talking about time. However, unlike the English language, Mandarin uses vertical spatial morphemes to talk about the order of events, for example, tomorrow, yesterday, next month, last year etc. Boroditsky (2011, p. 1305-1328) Events that are yet to happen i. e. in the future are thought to be ‘up’ (‘shang’) and events in that have already happened i. . past events are thought to be ‘down’ (‘xia’) (Boroditsky et al, 2010, p. 1). There are some minor cases where English speakers do refer to time using vertical spatial terms, e. g. â€Å"Things will be better down the line. † However it has been proven that Mandarin speakers think about time vertic ally more frequently than English speakers do (Boroditsky et al, 2010, p. 2). An experiment to verify this can be seen through Chan and Bergen’s workings, â€Å"Writing direction in? uences spatial cognition. Where a group of native English and Mandarin speakers were asked to spatially arrange temporal sequences shown to them in pictures, 30% of the time Mandarin speakers arranged the pictures vertically as opposed to the English speakers who didn’t arrange them vertically once. There are in fact many experiments to test the linguistic relativity hypotheses, regarding whether English and Mandarin speakers differ in their thinking and perception of time using spatial metaphors. The leader in this current field of research is the aforementioned Lera Boroditsky. Boroditsky has carried out many studies on this specific topic. Does Language Shape Thought? : Mandarin and English Speakers’ Conceptions of Time† published in 2001, Boroditsky deliberates the questi on, ‘Is processing altered in the long term by the use of metaphors†. In 2008, Boroditsky revisited the topic, carrying out further experiments concluding the Mandarin speakers are more inclined to arrange time vertically. The paper was titled â€Å"Do English and Mandarin speakers think differently about time? † Boroditsky’s latest research and publishing’s, entitled â€Å"Do English and Mandarin speakers think about time differently? has concluding experiments that claim to the affirmative of the relative linguistic hypothesis. Boroditsky’s previous workings did not consider the importance of the pairing of primes and targets. In her most recent studies it shows that disregarding these aspects will lead to further interference and instability. There are numerous methods of predicting if English and Mandarin speakers conceive different conceptions of the sequential order of time. Firstly, each race must be tested in their own language. Testi ng Mandarin speakers through English or vice versa introduces unnecessary variables into the experiment. If Mandarin speakers were to be tested through English it would inevitably test if Mandarin speakers think differently when they speak English. The question of whether they think differently to English speakers would not be properly examined and answered, as they would be thinking habitually but rather how their newly acquired language has influenced them to speak (assuming the legitimacy of the Relative Linguistic Hypothesis. ) The test would separate a group of native English and Mandarin speakers into their native languages. Each participant is given 3 magnets with pictures on them. One magnet depicts a picture of a sitting high up on a tree. The next picture sees the boy falling off of the tree. The final picture comprises of the boy on the ground crying. Each participant is then asked in their native language to stick their magnets, in order of events onto a magnetic board secured onto a wall. Presumably, assuming that Mandarin speakers construct time on a vertical axis, their pictures would be placed vertically. With the first picture placed at the bottom of the vertical line and the final picture at the top of the vertical line. How Native Speakers of These Languages Would Be In comparison it would be assumed that English speakers would place the pictures horizontally from left to right in starting order. The evidence from this experiment, would suggest that due to the different alignments of the pictures, Mandarin speakers do think differently to English speakers regarding the sequential order of time. With the available evidence from Lera Boroditsky’s 2010 publication, â€Å"Do English and Mandarin speakers think about time differently? † There proves to be many plausible, evidence based methods for testing the question do English and Mandarin speakers think differently? Boroditsky’s most recent experiments takes 181 people, 118 were native English speakers and 63 were native Mandarin speakers whom also spoke English. The procedure involved projections of Woodey Allen’s face on a screen. There were two pictures, the first was shown on a fixed point on the screen for 2 seconds and the second was then shown in the same position. The second picture stayed there until the participants answered the question. The question posed to them was whether the second picture of Woody Allen was taken at an earlier or later stage in his life than the first. To answer the question the participants had to press a key on a keyboard, one labelled earlier and one labelled later. The position of the keys were arranged into four groups. The first group, tested on 51 native English speakers and 26 Mandarin speakers, had their keyboards lying flat on the table top. The keys were on the horizontal axis, the left key labelled earlier and the right key labelled later in the first group. The left key labelled later and the right key labelled earlier in the second group. For the remainder of participants, 67 native English speakers and 37 Mandarin speakers, their keyboards were positioned vertically to the table top. The keys were respectively arranged in a vertical order. The bottom key labelled earlier and the top key labelled later in the first group. The bottom key labelled later and the top key labelled earlier in the second group. The reasoning behind this experiment was that assuming people habitually represent time on a horizontal or vertical axis, asking them to view the axis in an incongruent order to their automatic reasoning, should cause an interference. The results coincided with this reasoning. As discussed previously, both Mandarin and English speakers use horizontal spatial terms to represent time and both groups showed a canonicality effect on the horizontal axis. However as proven, Mandarin speakers think of time more frequently on the vertical axis than English speakers do. Only Mandarin speakers responded faster when the earlier key was placed on top in the vertical axis on the keyboard. This study clearly suggests that Mandarin speakers do think about the sequential order of time differently to English speakers. Mandarin speakers make explicit use of the vertical axis regarding time more often than English speakers. With reference to the question posed by the linguistic relativity hypothesis, â€Å"Does language shape thought? † the prediction of whether English and Mandarin speakers view the sequence of time differently was affirmed. Through the discussion of the Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis it became clear that the origins and developments of the hypothesis were needed in order to establish the exact question that was being asked in this essay. The question was then specified to refer to two different languages, which were as mentioned, Mandarin and English. The thought questioned was that of time. The vocabulary dealt with was ‘space’ and ‘time’ and how they combine to comprise of different thoughts to the speakers of the languages. The conclusion and answer to the central question of this essay was yes, English speakers and Mandarin speakers do think differently. Mandarin speakers are much more likely to think about time on a vertical axis while English speakers think about time on a horizontal plane. The question â€Å"Does language shape thought? † has been a topic that has spanned the centuries and perplexed anthropologists, linguists and psychologists. It seems this question has enlightened people over the centuries too, and the thought of language affecting cognition has been a desired theory. Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne is known to have said â€Å"to have a second language, is to have a second soul. † References Beek, W. 2005. Linguistic Relativism, Variants and Misconceptions. Boroditsky, L. Fuhrman, O. et al. 2010. Do English and Mandarin Speakers think about time differently? CA: Elsevier B. V. Boroditsky, l. Chen, E. 2011. How Linguistic and Cultural Forces Shape Conceptions of Time: English and Mandarin Time in 3D. Cognitive Science Society, Inc. Gumperz, J. J. Levinson, C. S. 1996. Rethinking Linguistic Relativity. New York: Cambridge University Press. McAfee, C. 2004. The Linguistic Relativity Theory and Benjamin Lee Whorf. The McMaster Journal of Communication. Volume 1, Issue 1. Slobin, I. D. 1996. From â€Å"Thought and Language† to â€Å"Thinking for Speaking†. Cambridge University Press. 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Breast Implants Info Essay Research Paper Breast free essay sample

Breast Implants Info Essay, Research Paper Breast Plants: Good or Bad? For decennaries consumer # 8220 ; advocates # 8221 ; claimed that legal reform to do it harder for persons to action companies would unleash a downpour of insecure merchandises on the market. Alternatively, an out-of-control legal system is doing it about impossible for companies to develop merchandises for adult females without put on the lining bankruptcy. See silicone chest implants: Bags filled with silicone gel have been used for over three decennaries to retrace or enlarge adult females # 8217 ; s chests. Anywhere from 500,000 to 2 million adult females have received breast implants. Thankss to a category action case, nevertheless, chest implant shapers are being forced to abandon the implant market even though there is no grounds implants cause injury. In the 1980s, some adult females began claiming their silicone chest implants leaked, doing a assortment of symptoms common to connective tissue diseases such as arthritic arthritis, lupus and dermatosclerosis. We will write a custom essay sample on Breast Implants Info Essay Research Paper Breast or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the summer of 1992, 1000s of instances were filed, including at least nine province and federal category actions cases. It is now clear silicone chest implants pose no wellness hazard to adult females. A survey, conducted by the Mayo Clinic, compared adult females who had chest implants and those who did non over a 27 twelvemonth period and found there was no difference in the hazard for connective tissue disease. Similar consequences were found for rates of malignant neoplastic disease other than breast malignant neoplastic disease. In add-on, non a individual survey supports the claim made by some adult females that silicone chest implants do higher rates of multiple s clerosis and auto-immune disease. If there is no scientific connexion between silicone chest implants and connective tissue disease, why have adult females won instances against implant makers? Courts in the United States have broad discretion on who can be considered an expert for intents of medical testimony. Lawyers are highly successful in acquiring research workers who engage in cheapjack research on the base to attest that chest implants do so do diseases. In the current legal environment a individual triumph by implant complainant # 8217 ; s can be a company 1000000s. Lawyers are acquiring rich off this, but adult females will happen their medical picks limited in the future thanks to these cases. Fearing liability issues, companies are reacting by merely non developing engineerings that might expose them to merchandise liability suits. Silicone, for illustration, potentially has 100s of utilizations, but companies will believe long and difficult before marketing any kind of merchandise that incorporates it f or fright that they excessively will go the victim of cases. Already test attorneies are seting out antennas to take on the shapers of Norplant. Norplant is a birth control device implanted in the arm and delivers preventives for up to five old ages. Norplant is besides made out of silicone, and it is merely a affair of clip before cases claiming it causes connective tissue perturb start looking in America # 8217 ; s tribunals. Most pharmaceutical companies have already stopped researching new preventives due to liability concerns, and this could spell decease for future preventive options.

Measurement B enchmarks and S cales used for H ypo Essays - Safety

Measurement B enchmarks and S cales used for H ypothesis T esting The possible measurement benchmark and scales used for workplace safety would be the pencil-paper, internet way of collection data. This research subject uses a survey method to collect data by pencil or paper or internet to see if measurement equivalences exist. The survey will include question s that all companies could use the data to form workplace safety training programs . The data that is collected will show that merging data obtained by the internet and paper-and-pencil is a legitimate way of collection of data. This measurement benchmark and scale would provide useful to organizations that are using surveys to collect data to help with future plans of the company. Surveys are a good way to collect data from the employees about what they actually know about workplace safety. The data that is gathered from the measurement benchmarks and scales will provide enough information to make a training program for workplace safety. In turn the information will continue to provide future improvements for the program. sampling Plans Observation I will be using observation because it is a useful tool to gather information on workplace safety. It is a way for me to " check for nonverbal expression of feelings, determine who interacts with whom, grasp how participants communicate with each other, and check for how much time is spent on various activities " (SCHMUCK, 1997). I will also observe how well the employees know the safety rules and regulations, and if they know how to work safely. Observation will give me an understanding on the lack of knowledge on workplace, and it is the right way to collect data for my study. Observation will also help in coming up with research questions. Focus Groups I think I will also use focus groups as a way to gather more information that can also be used in my research on workplace safety. Having a group leader conduct the meeting to collect data on subject at hand can also help by answering research question with data gathered. This method is also helpful to gather data when observation becomes difficult. This method can also gather large amounts of data in a short time. An advantage to using focus groups is that the researcher will get the data they need because it targets my direct subject of workplace safety. Interviews I also plan to use interviews because they can provide me with a deeper understanding of how well individuals know about workplace safety. Interviews are an appropriate way for me to gather data on my research. The interview will be one-on-one with each employee, and if employee is not at work the interview can be conducted by phone. Surveys I plan to use paper surveys to gather data that is not available from other sources. Using survey data compliments current data from secondary sources. Surveys that I use will also be anonymous so that employees will feel free to be more honest. The information needed to make the workplace program is truly based on honest answers so yes I will be using surveys to gather data needed for this research. Not only will surveys help gathering data to help develop a workplace safety program, but it will help in continuing to improve that program. Questions The question s I will ask in the interview, survey, and focus groups are as follows: Do you know what the hazards are in your job? Do you have all the information about what hazard types included with your job? Are their safety meeting held on a regular basis? Have you been trained for emergency procedures? If there is safety equipment have you been trained to use it? Do you know where fire extinguishers are and are you trained to use them? Do you know where the first aid stations are? Have you been trained to use emergency equipment? If you do get injured do you know where to go and what to do? Do you have any idea what your health and safety responsibilities as an employee is? Plans for Analyzing Data To make sure I get the information wanted from the questions asked ; I will need

FROM THE EARTH TO THE MOON AND AROUND THE MOON essays

FROM THE EARTH TO THE MOON AND AROUND THE MOON essays FROM THE EARTH TO THE MOON AND AROUND THE MOON From the earth to the moon and around the moon by Jules Verne, a book about how he foresaw man reaching the moon. Through the infamous Gun Club which was nothing more than a group of disfigured and excitable old war veterans. Since there was no war, they needed to create some grand project as an outlet for their destructive energy. Illustrated in many of the attitudes of the Gun Club members was how they feared no obstacle and were confident that American resourcefulness would conquer all of their obstacles. One of the ways that they vented their destructive power was to build a projectile-vehicle to voyage around the moon and back. The members of the gun club were determined to build the vehicle that will bring them around the moon. They chose a crew of 3 to voyage on the projectile-vehicle, Michel Arden, President Barbicane, and Captain Nicholl. They all successfully made it around the moon but on the way back they had a little trouble and on re-entry to earth they didnt land quite were they wanted to. They ended up in the Mid-Pacific Ocean. The other members used all the latest equipment that was used to put the transatlantic cable in the Atlantic Ocean to get them out. At the end of the book after it kind of leaves you with a little of Jules Vernes food for thought, he asks if they would ever be able to colonize the moon, and move on colonizing planet after planet. Even then back 200 years we still have the dream of colonizing other planets and also our own moon. This book was exciting and captivating all at once. The book was exciting because you never knew what was going to happen. The book was captivating because you wanted to know what was going to happen. Both of them came from when they were at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean and you werent sure if The Gun Club was going to have enough influence to get them out of ...

Democracy in Ancient Athens and Democracy Today

Democracy in Ancient Athens and Democracy Today While wars today are fought in the name of democracy as if democracy were a moral ideal as well as an easily identifiable government style, it is not really that black and white. The inventors of democracy were the Greeks who lived in small city-states called poleis. Contact with the wide world was slower. Life lacked modern conveniences. Voting machines were primitive, at best. The people the ones who put the demo- in democracy were intimately involved in decisions that affected them and would be appalled that bills to be voted on now require reading through thousand-page tomes. They might be even more aghast that people actually vote on those bills without doing the reading. What Do We Call Democracy? The world was stunned when Bush was first named the winner of the U.S. presidential race, even after more U.S. voters had cast ballots for Gore. How could the U.S. call itself a democracy, yet not select its officials on the basis of majority rule? Well, part of the answer is that the U.S. was not established as a pure democracy, but as a republic where voters elect representatives and electors. Whether there has ever been anything close to a pure and total democracy is debatable. There has never been universal suffrage and Im not talking about voters disenfranchised by corruption or improper balloting and tallying. In ancient Athens, you had to be a citizen to vote. That left out more than half the population. Introduction Democracy [demos ~ the people; cracy kratos strength/rule, so democracy rule by the people] is considered an invention of the ancient Athenian Greeks. This page on Greek democracy brings together articles on the stages democracy went through in Greece, as well as the controversy Greek democracy caused, with passages from period thinkers on the institution of democracy and its alternatives.​ Democracy Helped Solve Ancient Greek Problems The ancient Athenian Greeks are credited with inventing the institution of democracy. Their governmental system wasnt designed for the enormous, spread-out, and diverse populations of modern industrialized countries, but even in their small communities [see Social Order of Athens], there were problems, and the problems led to inventive solutions. The following are roughly chronological problems and solutions leading to what we think of as Greek democracy: The Four Tribes of Athens: The ancient tribal kings were too weak financially and the uniform material simplicity of life enforced the idea that all tribesmen had rights. Society was divided into two social classes, the upper of which sat with the king in council for major problems.Conflict Between Farmers and Aristocrats: With the rise of the hoplite, non-equestrian, non-aristocratic army, ordinary citizens of Athens could become valued members of society if they had enough wealth to provide themselves the body armor needed to fight in the phalanx.Draco, the Draconian Law-Giver: The privileged few in Athens had been making all the decisions for long enough. By 621 B.C. the rest of the Athenians were no longer willing to accept arbitrary, oral rules of those who lay down the law and judges. Draco was appointed to write down the laws.Solons Constitution: Solon redefined citizenship so as to create the foundations of democracy. Before Solon, the aristocrats had a monopoly on the govern ment by virtue of their birth. Solon replaced the hereditary aristocracy with one based on wealth.city,coast, andinland. Cleisthenes and the 10 Tribes of Athens: When Cleisthenes became a chief magistrate, he had to face the problems Solon had created 50 years earlier through his compromising democratic reforms foremost among which was the allegiance of citizens to their clans. In order to break such loyalties, Cleisthenes divided the 140-200 demes (natural divisions of Attica and the basis of the word democracy) into 3 regions: Cleisthenes is credited with instituting moderate democracy. The Challenge - Is Democracy an Efficient System of Government? In ancient Athens, the birthplace of democracy, not only were children denied the vote (an exception we still consider acceptable), but so were women, foreigners, and slaves. People of power or influence werent concerned with the rights of such non-citizens. What mattered was whether or not the unusual system was any good. Was it working for itself or for the community? Would it be better to have an intelligent, virtuous, benevolent ruling class or a society dominated by a mob seeking material comfort for itself? In contrast with the law-based democracy of the Athenians, monarchy/tyranny (rule by one) and aristocracy/oligarchy (rule by the few) were practiced by neighboring Hellenes and Persians. All eyes turned to the Athenian experiment, and few liked what they saw. Beneficiaries of Democracy Endorse It On the following pages, youll find passages on democracy from some of the philosophers, orators, and historians of the time, many neutral to unfavorable. Then as now, whoever benefits from a given system tends to support it. One of the most positive positions Thucydides puts into the mouth of a leading beneficiary of the Athenian democratic system, Pericles.