Swot Analysis Of Dell Computer Essay Example For Students

Swot Analysis Of Dell Computer Essay SWOT investigation of Dell ComputersHistory:The organization was established in 1984 by Michael Dell, presently the PC industrys longest-tenured CEO, on a basic idea: that by selling PC frameworks straightforwardly to clients, Dell could best comprehend their necessities, and give the best processing answers for address those issues. Today, Dell is upgrading and widening the principal upper hands of the immediate model by progressively applying the efficiencies of the Internet to its whole business. Organization income for the last four quarters totaled $19.9 billion. Through the immediate plan of action, Dell offers face to face associations with corporate and institutional clients; phone and Internet buying (the last presently surpassing $18 million every day); altered PC frameworks; telephone and online specialized help; and following day, on location item administration. Dell masterminds framework establishment and the executives, guides clients through innovation changes, and gives a broad scope of different administrations. The organization structures and tweaks items and administrations to the necessities of the associations and people buying them, and sells a broad determination of fringe equipment and figuring programming. About 66% of Dells deals are to huge organizations, government offices and instructive foundations. Dell additionally serves medium and private ventures and home-PC clients. Dells Unique Direct Model:Dells grant winning client assistance, industry-driving development and reliably solid money related execution separate t he organization from contenders for the accompanying reasons: Price for Performance With the industrys most productive acquirement, assembling and circulation process, Dell offers its clients amazing, lavishly arranged frameworks at serious costs. Customization Every Dell framework is worked to arrange. Clients get precisely what they need. Unwavering quality, Service and Support Dell utilizes information picked up from direct client contact when the deal to give grant winning dependability and customized client assistance. Most recent Technology Dell presents the most recent important innovation considerably more rapidly than organizations with moderate moving roundabout appropriation channels. Dell turns over stock at regular intervals all things considered, keeping related costs low. Unrivaled Shareholder Value During the last four quarters, the estimation of Dell basic stock almost multiplied. From 1996 through 1998, Dell was the top-performing stock among the Standard Poors 500 . Web LeadershipSales by means of Dells Web website outperformed $18 million every day during mid 1999, representing 30 percent of generally speaking income. The companys utilization of the Internet to different pieces of the business including obtainment, client service and relationship the executives is moving toward a similar 30-percent rate. The companys Web got 25 million visits at in excess of 50 nation explicit locales last quarter. Timeline:1984 Michael Dell establishes Dell Computer Corporation1985 Company presents the principal PC of its own plan: the Turbo, highlighting Intel 8088 processor running at eight megahertz1987 Dell is first PC organization to offer following day, on location item administration International development starts with opening of auxiliary in United Kingdom1988 To all the more likely meet one of a kind client needs, Dell starts to sort out business around unmistakable client fragments Dell conducts first sale of stock of organization stock, 3.5 mil lion offers at $8.50 each1990 Manufacturing focus in Limerick, Ireland, opened to serve European, Middle Eastern and African markets1991 Company presents its first scratch pad PC1992 Dell included for first time among Fortune 500 program of universes biggest companies1993 Dell joins positions of the best five PC creators overall Subsidiaries in Australia and Japan are companys first sections into Asia-Pacific region1995 Original $8.50 portions of Dell stock worth $100 on presplit premise 1996 Asia-Pacific assembling place in Penang, Malaysia, opened Customers start purchasing Dell PCs by means of Internet at www.dell.com Dell starts significant drive into arrange server advertise Company added to Standard Poors 500 stock index1997 Company deals by means of Internet reach $1 million every day Dell delivers its 10-millionth PC framework Per-share estimation of normal stock compasses $1,000 on presplit premise Dell presents its first workstation systems1998 Company extends fabricating offices in the Americas and Europe, and opens creation and client focus in Xiamen, China Dell presents PowerVault stockpiling items 1999 Dell opens www.gigabuys.com, an online PC related superstore Sales by means of Internet surpass $18 million for every dayIndustry OutlookWhile the individualized computing market has extended drastically since the 1970s, Dell accepts that the industrys greatest days and its own are yet to come, for two expansive reasons. To begin with, the flood of programming and equipment advancement from organizations, for example, Microsoft Corp. what's more, Intel Corp. is fast and powerful, and is strongly expanding framework execution and decreasing the overall expense of registering. For instance, in February 1982, Intel presented its 286 chip, which was equipped for handling 2.66 million guidelines for each second, or MIPS, at a clock speed of 12 million cycles for each second, or megahertz. Todays Intel Pentium II processors are prepared to do significant ly in excess of 600 MIPS at 450 megahertz, and the sharp upward advancement pattern is relied upon to proceed. Second, while PC execution is going up, the general expense of processing PC costs per MIPS has consistently declined, empowering new PC clients and progressively quick PC substitution. Clients, thus, are utilizing those investment funds to purchase much progressively amazing, all the more lavishly arranged frameworks. As processor advances and expected cost decreases proceed, numerous industry examiners anticipate overall industry volume development at a compound yearly pace of 15 to 20 percent every year throughout the following three years. Then, the Internet is getting increasingly incorporated into day by day life: organizations depend on the Internet for trade and constant data trade; clients go online to shop, bank and lead individual correspondence; and understudies from grade schools through school utilize the Internet as an instructive device. From servers that po wer the Internet association, to work areas and note pads that productively and successfully give the interface, to workstations used to create advanced substance, the capacity to give items and administrations that empower Internet access and upgrade the online experience will be crucial for organizations in the PC frameworks industry. Improvement of the Direct ModelDell is persistently refining its immediate way to deal with assembling, selling and adjusting individualized computing frameworks. The organization is focused on broadening the points of interest inborn in what is as of now the industrys most proficient plan of action. Current Dell activities incorporate moving much more prominent volumes of item deals, administration and backing to the Internet; utilizing the Internet to improve the proficiency of Dells acquisition, assembling and dispersion process; and further extending an effectively wide scope of significant worth included administrations. By taking its immediate plan of action and its related client experience to much more significant levels, through the Internet and worth included administrations, Dell means to keep on developing its business at a different of the high-development rate foreseen for the PC frameworks industry in general. Dell despite everything has huge open door for extension in all pieces of the world, particularly in business sectors outside of the U.S.; in all client fragments; and in all item classifications, extending from home PCs to big business items, for example, arrange servers and workstations. .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9 , .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9 .postImageUrl , .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9 , .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9:hover , .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9:visited , .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9:active { border:0!important; } .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9:active , .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } . ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610 a9 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ubf11448432b0c2e64d27ef7569d610a9-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ubf

Without modern technology, what did European people of all ages and Research Paper

Without current innovation, what did European individuals all things considered and class accomplish for no particular reason and diversion during the Renaissance time frame - Research Paper Example It was accepted that acceptable wellbeing advances learning, as the body and the spirit is unified. This hypothesis called for diversion and play to go connected at the hip with contemplating and working. Entertainment doesn't just mean recess. Utilizing the mainstream hypothesis of the body and soul during the Renaissance, it very well may be expected that diversion gives the spirit and the body its quality as the activities toughens the body and considering extends one’s information. One can't learn if every one of the one accomplishes is work or study. The brain and the body might be supported with astuteness and information however the body isn't set up to confront the fights and difficulties that the regular day to day existence gives. How might one investigation at that point if the body is powerless? Subsequently, the requirement for a genuinely fit body and sound brain is significant in living great during the Renaissance. This conviction goes connected at the hip with the significance of human life and the worth set on nobility and independence. During the Renaissance, the differentiation among youngsters and grown-ups were obscured. Youngsters were accepted to have no significance in the general public in light of their absence of solidarity and information (Hughes p.9). Just the tip top individuals from the general public gets the opportunity to take on their training at a youthful age, the rest were headed toward work. Simply the equivalent with work, amusement, messing around and reciting nursery rhymes were finished by everybody, youngsters and grown-ups the same. Entertainment was not just piece of the people’s method of living, as a major aspect of their unwinding and otherworldly restoration. Entertainment turned into a piece of training, as well (Hinds p.60). Since it was accepted that diversion is an approach to feed one’s soul and body, it was remembered for the examination program of little youngsters. Diversion and interest during the Renaissance extended from creature sports to praising dining experiences. In spite of the fact that their exercises contrast, the period has indicated numerous kinds of entertainment and distractions that were to fortify the body, just as, sustain the spirit.

A recipe for releasing decisions

A recipe for releasing decisions We decided to bake this enormous pie to remind you that MIT Regular Action decisions will be available online next week, on Thursday, March 14 at 6:28 PM Eastern Time. Next week, when decisions are made available, you will need to access decisions.mit.edu and log in using the same username and password that you use to sign into your MyMIT account. There will be no interim screens, so you should be sure you are ready to receive your decision before signing in to decisions.mit.edu. In order to verify that you will receive a decision on the 14th, you should visit decisions.mit.edu  and log in with your MyMIT username and password. We recommend you do this now to make sure everything works for you. Strange things happen to people who dont verify they will receive their decision! If youve forgotten your MyMIT username and/or password, you may use our automated system to reset it. Visit MyMIT and click on the forgotten username or password links beneath the login box on the left. Admissions decisions will be available exclusively online. Decisions will not be released via email, snail mail, carrier pigeon, carrier dragon, or  intergalactic radio broadcast. However, following the release of admissions decisions, we  will  be mailing admitted students additional,  cylindrical  information.

First Silent Film The Great Train Robbery

Produced by Thomas Edison but directed and filmed by Edison Company employee Edwin S. Porter, the 12-minute-long silent film, The Great Train Robbery (1903), was the first narrative movie—one that told a story. ​The Great Train Robberys popularity led directly to the opening up of permanent movie theaters and the possibility of a future film industry. Plot The Great Train Robbery is both an action film and a classic Western, with four bandits who rob a train and its passengers of their valuables and then make their grand escape only to be killed in a shootout by a posse sent after them. Interestingly, the film does not spare on violence as there are both several shootouts and one man, the fireman, being bludgeoned with a piece of coal. Surprising to many audience members was the special effect of throwing the bludgeoned man off the tender, over the side of the train (a dummy was used). Also first seen in The Great Train Robbery was a character forcing a man to dance by shooting at his feet—a scene that has often been repeated in later Westerns. To the audiences fear and then delight, there was a scene in which the leader of the outlaws (Justus D. Barnes) looks directly at the audience and fires his pistol at them. (This scene appeared either at the beginning or at the end of the film, a decision left up to the operator.) New Editing Techniques The Great Train Robbery not only was the first narrative film, it also introduced several new editing techniques. For example, rather than staying on one set, Porter took his crew to ten different locations, including Edisons New York studio, Essex County Park in New Jersey, and along the Lackawanna railroad. Unlike other film attempts which kept a stable camera position, Porter included a scene in which he panned the camera to follow the characters as they ran across a creek and into the trees to fetch their horses. The most innovative editing technique introduced in The Great Train Robbery was the inclusion of crosscutting. Crosscutting is when the film cuts between two different scenes that are happening at the same time. Was It Popular? The Great Train Robbery was hugely popular with audiences. The approximately twelve minutes of film that starred Gilbert M. Broncho Billy Anderson* was played across the country in 1904 and then played in the first nickelodeons (theaters in which movies cost a nickel to see) in 1905. * Broncho Billy Anderson played several roles, including one of the bandits, the man bludgeoned by coal, a slain train passenger, and the man whose feet were shot at.

The Need For Data, Collaboration, Trust And Successful...

The Challenge The need for data, collaboration, trust and successful peer training are the most important aspects of developing the program I am going to design. As a first year Department Head of the Fine Arts Department within a large public school, I have been assigned the task of leading this department from a regular grading system to a Standards-Based Grading system. This type of change is what Schlecty (2007) describes as a systematic change. According to Zepeda (2012), this type of change â€Å"is the least understood and the most difficult to achieve (pg. 26). This is especially true for educators such as those on my team, whose teaching techniques have been the same for many years. The implementation of standards-based grading uproots almost every aspect of classroom teaching. Grade-scales are different, assessments are greatly different and the idea of remediation is paramount to SBG. While this conversion may not seem like a difficult task for a teacher, there are several factors that make it extremely challenging for myself to convince others to support. For one, all other 7 faculty members in the department have been teaching at the school for a few years longer than myself. This is why trust is one of my main key elements on which to focus. Having taught in another part of the state for many years, I must find a way to prove to them that I am on their team and will do everything in my power to keep their interests and concern on the top of the list.Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Security1580 Words   |  7 Pageseffectively use and manage large volumes of data, rather than suffer from data overload. Such an approach will also make it easier to integrate intelligence-led cybersecurity with new and emerging technologies such as cloud, mobile and social media  while protecting confidential data (Daley, 2016). Increase Stakeholder Collaboration The role of the individual in cybersecurity has become more important. This is especially true considering the volume of data generated on a daily basis on tablets, smartphonesRead MoreNapavine s Key Strategic Objectives Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagesas a guide to student learning and professional growth, increase the number of staff who successfully obtain the National Board Certified Teacher status, and that all staff will engage with parent, family, and community partners to strengthen collaboration and communication. 1. Key milestones in Napavine’s timeline for accomplishing strategic objectives are: i. In regards to the Marzano Instructional Frameworks as a guide, building administrators and teachers will meet monthly to guide professionalRead MoreHorizon Report: Higher Education Editions Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagescollaborative learning. With online learning students are offered different opportunities compared with physical campuses. 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Ethic Notions Free Essays

DR. LINZIE SPRING 2013 MARLON RIGGS: ETHNIC NOTIONS 1. Which theoretical paradigm is presented in the film to study race relations? This video presents a symbolic integrationist perspective. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethic Notions or any similar topic only for you Order Now It evaluates how people in the United States have used symbols to belittle a race of people. Society used certain symbols and caricatures to communicate ideas to the general public. 2. What is socialization? Socialization is the lifelong process by which people learn the ways of the society in which they live. The process by which humans acquire a sense of self or a social identity, develop their human capacities, learn culture, and learn about the expected behaviors. 3. What is culture? (What are the two main forms of culture? ) Sociologically, culture is the way of life of a people. The two main forms of culture are material culture ( all the physical objects that people have invented or borrowed from other cultures) and nonmaterial culture ( the intangible human creations that include beliefs, values, norms, and symbols). . What is social structure? Social structure is a system that coordinates human activities in broadly predictable ways, shaping relationships and opportunities to connect to others, gives people an identity, puts up barriers to accessing resources and people, and determines the relative ease or difficulty with which those barriers can be broken. 5. What is identity and how do culture and social structure construct identity and socialize new members in terms of these im ages? The way we live and the people we socialize on a daily basis made a difference on how we identify ourselves. Cultures gives us ideas of what is acceptable and what material objects we have to play, work, and develop. Meanwhile, social structure gives us an advantage, or disadvantage that helps us develop skills and connections that will identify us. 6. What are the names and images used in each socio-economic period? – Emancipation (pre/post) -Reconstruction (pre/post) -Civil Rights (pre/post) NOTES: How to cite Ethic Notions, Papers

Drugs history and definition Essay Example For Students

Drugs history and definition Essay ? Drugs have a long and notorious history for altering minds. Drugs are used as a way of escaping reality and disappearing into another world. ? In this speech, I will assist you in understanding the history and definitions of various drugs. My proposed findings are based upon information I have gathered from a variety of what I believed to be reputable and credible sources. ? Therefore, according to Professor Blum, from the University of Chicago the original home of cannabis is thought to be Central Asia, but has spread around the globe with the exception of the Arctic regions and areas of wet tropical forests. ? Early in its historythe Chinese undoubtedly used it as a hallucinogen. 1500 years later when they had their first contact with Europeans the drug had fallen into decline. However, its value had become a primary source of fiber and there is record of hemp cultivation dating back to Neolithic times. ? The United States declared marijuana as an illegal drug in 1937. It has been a source of great controversy ever since. ? Another popular drug widely used in the United States is cocaine. Cocaine is extracted from the leaves of a plant called E-Coca. E-Coca, a bushy shrub native to South American countries at high altitudes. Cocaine is the primary alkaloid in these leaves. In addition, Sigmund Freud, the famous psychoanalyst, used cocaine to treat many of his patients, later he himself became an addict. Cocaine was found to have a numbing effect, therefore it was introduced as an anesthetic by Carl Koller. Cocaine use fell off for various reasons, before it reemerged in the late 1970s. T hough touted as the perfect drug, it has ruined many lives. ? Next, lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as (LSD) was created in 1943 by Albert Hofmann. This drug gained huge popularity in the 1960s. Hofmanns description of his experience while testing the drug was a pleasant intoxication-like feeling that extremely stimulated his imagination. His experience of uninterrupted stream of pictures, extraordinary shapes with kaleidoscopic play of colors lasted about six hours. Later, LSD was extensively studied by the military in the 1950s and finally outlawed in 1967. ? Other common drugs that are different in name but similar in origin are opium and heroin. Opium is thought to be 6000 years old, where heroin was created in 1874 and was originally marketed as a safe, non-addicted substitute for morphine. However, it was quickly noted that heroin also produce dependency very quickly in some individuals. Because of that, heroin and opiates were made illegal in 1920 with the dangerous drugs act. ? Phencyclidine commonly known as (PCP) was developed in 1926 as a surgical anesthetic. Its developers hoped it would prove safe and effective, but early researchers decided it is not much of neither and it sat on a shelf until 1957. This drug is currently illegal in the United States as well. ? Lastly, there is the drug labeled amphetamine. Amphetamines are divided into three basic groupsmethamphetamine, dexamphetamines, and Benzedrine. These drugs are commonly known as speed, meth, crank, crystal, and ice. ? In 1887, they were synthesized in Germanyin search of curing disease. In the late 1920s, the drug was seriously investigated as a cure and treatment against nearly everything from depression to decongestion. Today these drugs are generally used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder also known as (ADHD). ? In closing of my speech, I would like to quote Dr. Alfred Burger from the New England Journal of Medicine by stating, Drugs are chemical compounds that modify the way the body and mind work. Additionally, the word drug has acquired bad connotations in recent years due to the fact that society takes something good and turns into something bad, this has ultimately become a serious sociological problem. .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 , .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 .postImageUrl , .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 , .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48:hover , .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48:visited , .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48:active { border:0!important; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48:active , .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48 .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua9a96f07f0755393094cb64c0cb37e48:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Non-executive Directors and Corporate Governance EssayBibliography:Works CitedAnnas, George, J. Reefer MadnessThe Federal Response to Californias Medical Marijuana Law. The New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 337, No. 6. Aug1997. Legal Issues in Medicine. 4 Mar 2000 Blum, Jeffrey. Re: United States Vs. Anderson, CR-89-210E. 4 Mar 2000

War of the Worlds Coursework Essay Example

War of the Worlds Coursework Essay Example War of the Worlds Coursework Essay War of the Worlds Coursework Essay How did the changes in the narrator reflect the writers concerns for humanities future?The narrator at the beginning of the book was a happy, well fed and servant supported man. The attack of the Martians changes the narrators life enormously. The changes of the narrator show the struggles of a man trying to avoid being exterminated by the Martians. The writer purposely leaves the man unnamed as he represents the struggle of mankind during the invasion of the Martians to create the feeling of empathy. Each change in the narrator shows how the writer has concerns for humanities future in the world. I will describe all the main changes in the main changes in the narrator and explain how this reflects the writers concerns for humanity with quotes relating certain changes in the narrator.The first change of the narrator is significant. It is one of the biggest changes in the narrator which shapes the rest of the time in which he avoids being exterminated. The narrator was a man that was content with his present circumstances and change was not necessary but after the invasion, it seemed difficult not to. He went from this to a situation where he was struggling for survival. This is a lot for a man to handle. His world of being content and living was destroyed due to the invasion of the Martians; he had to abandon his home and quickly became separated from his wife to fight for his life...But a panic terror not only of the Martians, but of the dusk and stillness all about me. Such an extraordinary affect in unmanning me it had that I ran weeping silently as a child might do. Once I had turned, I did not dare look back.This quote tells us that it his surroundings made him become distressed and upset, the reign of the Martians had begun, it is described as though they had brought an aura of terror to the atmosphere of the Earth, consequently, making mankind become pests to this brutal suppression. The narrator says that he weeps silently which is something of what a c hild might do. This is a unlike a middle aged man, this shows that the narrator has changed and the invasion has affected him emphatically. The writer shows that he is concerned for humanities future by trying to put across to the reader that humans will struggle to a massive extent to stay alive if an invasion occurs, not just literally by a machine or an alien species but by disease or plague.The narrator believed that humans were almighty and seemed very powerful. After the invasion, the narrator had then realised that they are a delicate and inferior species when compared to the likes of the Martians which are a much more advanced intelligence. This is a change in the narrator in his way of thinking. This shows that the writer has concerns for humanity because he worries for mankind at how easily they can be overpowered by such brutal forces.At times of woe and suffering, humans need to work together as one to fight evil. Before the invasion, humans treated one another with disr espect and ungraciousness. This was realised by the narrator after the invasion when the attack was in progress. Humanity needed to change for the better and work as a group to avoid becoming extinct. This also shows that the writer is concerned for humanities future because humans may treat each other even worse in years to come and that he is using the narrator to portray this anxiety. Humans will compete for survival to see who the fittest folk are; hence, there will be competition and conflict amongst humans resulting in humans treating each other even worse.Law and order are the rules and regulations which make the world just and equal. If these rules and regulations are removed, Earth will become chaos and all hell will break loose. The law and order before the invasion was sufficient for human existence with no extreme elements. This is why after the invasion, law and order had disappeared. This change is important as it can be noticed by the reader and most definitely by the narrator. This relates to the narrator because he was a good and honest man that would never foresee himself committing an act of murder but under the circumstances where his own life was at risk and where law and order had disappeared; murder suddenly became a way of survival. So there are two changes to be considered in the narrator at this point, the first is that he had realised that law and order had vanished and the second change is that the narrator had gone from an agreeable, respectable and righteous man to a criminal and a man of disgrace with blood on his hands. The writer has concerns for humanity because law and order will not stop a mass invasion as it all disappears due to insane human behaviour. The writer is trying to imply that human behaviour will become barbaric at times like this. Also, the narrator kills the curate making the reader think that the invasion has completely changes the narrator, the writer may be trying to imply that all men will at some point be come disconcerting of others and will kill if put under serious pressure in certain circumstances.The thinking of mankind is that the power that they hold was immense and that humans could conquer all. The writer is almost blatantly trying to make the reader realise that humans are not as powerful as they think because when an invasion occurs of some sort, they become helpless, science and technology is dematerialized and the only force left is nature. Human capabilities are overpowered without hesitation by the Martians and many are killed very quickly. There are forces in this world that scientists may still have not have discovered which may cease to be the conservation of the Earth. This is a very important change as it saves the world from becoming annihilated by the Martians; the narrator is changed by this because this certain force of nature has saved him from extermination. The writer has concerns for humanities future because he believes that humans think that they are muc h too powerful and they underestimate the power of the outside world and what effect it may have on the Earth. The writer believes human capabilities will not win against the odds; therefore, natural forces will prosper.As a conclusion, after the changes of the narrator have been explained and how these changes reflect the writers concerns for humanities future, I can say that the narrator went from a normal life of a man living on Earth to a man with an experience where he had struggled for survival, murdered, eaten scraps from the street and realised many things about mankind which would not be thought about when leading a common and average life in London.

Social Media Competitive Analysis Using One to Find Actionable Ideas

Social Media Competitive Analysis Using One to Find Actionable Ideas Trying to get your business’s voice heard among thousands of others is difficult, to say the least. Then add in the fact that you’re now dealing with businesses who are competing for the same dollars and eyeballs that you are. It’s intimidating. To be heard above the noise and chatter on social media, you always have to be one step ahead. Conducting a full competitive analysis allows your social team to gain insight into what your competitors are doing, which in turn can inspire your team. By reading this post, you’re going to learn: How to find your real competition (even if its not who you might think it is). How to find the right data and metrics to track on your competitors. How to use the information you find to create a better social media strategy. The insights your team will gain from the process will allow you to make informed, educated decisions on how to plan and execute your social media strategy. Do Better Social Media Competitor Analysis With This Free Template Before you can start doing competitive research, youll need somewhere to store your data and findings. Thats where our competitive research template enters the picture. Download it now and deliver the inside scoop on your competition more easily.How To Get Actionable Ideas From Your Social Media Competitive AnalysisSo, What Exactly Does Competitive Analysis Entail? A competitor analysis on social media is exactly what it sounds like. In simplest terms, it involves the following: Finding your competition (including emerging competitors you may not have heard about). Analyzing what they're doing (and how well they're performing) on social media. Using your findings to inform your own social media marketing strategy (and zig when everyone else zags). That about sums it up. DID YOU KNOW: When you're ready to plan and execute your own social campaigns, offers all the power and functionality you need? Try it free for 14 days now. Step One: Build Your Toolbox The first step in your social media competitor analysis process is going to involve finding the right tools to aid your research. While you can find a decent amount of information through simply searching your competitor's profiles, having tools will allow you to go deeper into your analysis and find the data you’re looking for. Mention Mention  is our preferred social media listening tool here at . It has a ton of features, but it's primarily used to track brand mentions on social and gauge whether you're being talked about more than your competition. Here's a quick video rundown on how it works: FanPage Karma Fanpage Karma  is another social media reporting tool. It helps measure: Audience growth. Total number of fans. Gathering post-level insights. Engagement rate. Overall competitive performance across channels. Here's a quick demonstration of its social media monitoring features: Rival IQ Rival IQ  is a powerful analytics tool that helps track: Audience growth. Hashtag use. Key influencers. Boosted posts. Keyword rankings. Domain authority. Here's a lengthy walkthrough video from Jay Baer and Seth Bridges breaking down how to use it for competitive analysis: Simply Measured Simply Measured  in another powerful tool that will allow you track: Post content types. Engagements per post. New followers. The number of messages they send. Overall audience total. And a lot more: In-App Analytics Facebook and LinkedIn both make it easy to gather competitive data directly in-app. Here's where to find that information on each channel. Facebook: To find your Facebook data, select Insights. Scroll down your insights page to the bottom, where you'll find a section called  Pages To Watch  . Here you will see where your Facebook page is ranking among your top five competitors. You can see who else Facebook sees as your competition by selecting See More Pages. LinkedIn: To find how your company page is doing in LinkedIn analytics, select Manage Page, then Analytics. In Analytics a drop down menu will appear. Select Followers. In the followers section, scroll down to the bottom of the page. There you will find your top five competitors and their growth over the past thirty days. You can see more of your competitors by scrolling through the pages at the bottom of the screen. These reports are pretty small compared to some of the analytics reports that you’ll find in other tools however they are a nice base to jump off of. To Do: Choose competitive research tools  that will help aid your competitive analysis research. Step Two: Find Your Competitors The next step in your competitor analysis is finding the competitors that you want to track. This is a vital part of your analysis because who you choose as your competitors will determine what you’re going to judge your social strategy against. Before you jump straight into your research there are two things you need to do first: Determine if you’re working with direct or indirect competitors. Understand your level of competition (local, regional, national, global, etc). There are two types of competitors:  Direct and Indirect. Direct competitors are the ones who offer the same services and products as you. For example, Domino’s Pizza’s direct competitors would be Pizza Hut, Godfather's and other delivery places. All of them offer the same services and a relatively similar product. Indirect competitors are the ones who offer some of the same services that you do, but it may not be all that they do. Unlike direct competitors, indirect competitors will overlap somewhat with your business strategy but not completely. If we go back to our Domino’s example, some of their competitors would be Walmart, DiGiorno’s, convenience stores or other grocery stores that sell pizza. In order to decide who you’re going to research first, your team needs to determine if you compete at a local, regional, national, or global level. Then, buckle down and see if you can turn up competitors in your market at each level. Google Search Google is one of the easiest and most obvious tools to find competitors. Google is careful to serve results aligned with the search intent and location of the search, which means that you need to be specific in what you are looking for and where. Things like â€Å"Starbucks near me† or â€Å"Holiday Inn’s in Sacramento California† are ways to show Google that you’re looking for a specific company or place within one area. For a local search, it could look something like: Note that attaching a city to your search is key to helping you find those local results. Especially if you want to change the town that you are looking in. A  regional search  could look like: And a national search could look like this: In-App Searches If you want to look for competitors through a specific social media channel, you can usually find them through an in-app search: To complete state and nation wide searches, change the end of your search wide to a state or the US. In addition to Facebook, Instagram also allows a location specific search. However, to see results you need to scroll through the list that pops up after your search. If you click or hit enter, it will take you to the top tagged location for that area. Another limit to the Instagram search is that locations need to be tagged on each post. That means your results will not be all encompassing like Facebook or Google. Industry Publications Most industries will have some kind of industry publication  where people can get the latest news on trends and industry tips. Think your industry is too boring to have its own media? You might be surprised. In order to find them, you need to turn once again to the almighty Google (or whatever search engine you prefer to use). Think your industry is too boring to have its own publications? Think again.To find those publications, type in publications for [insert industry here] industry. Alternately, you can also search "blogs" or "magazines" in place of "publications" to make sure your search is thorough. Google will then populate a list of the top publications related to your industry, which you can then explore. To Do: Conduct three different searches across Google, social media sites, and industry publications both on and offline to help find competitors. Step Three: Choose Your Top Five Competitors This is probably one of the most difficult parts of your process because after your research you could have a huge list of competitors. Instead of having a list of competitors that extends a page or two down your document, narrow your field down to your top five. They can span across different sizes and locations, meaning that you could have a mix of direct and indirect competitors, and local, regional, and national brands. Other metrics that you could use to help choose your competitors could be: Similar audience size. Services offered. Same number of locations. The main thing that you need to ask yourself is, who do you want to go toe-to-toe with and why? At this point, you can pull out that competitive analysis template that you downloaded earlier. You’ll notice the first tab is labeled Introduction: In that first tab you can enter in: The name of your competitor. Their location. Whether they’re a direct or indirect competitor. Their website link. To Do: Choose your top five competitors based on Whether or not they’re a direct competitor. Is your competitor a local, regional, or national brand. Enter your chosen competitors into your competitive analysis report. Step Four: Set Competitive Analysis Goals Your team is taking the time to research and monitor your competitors for a reason. But if you don’t know what that reason is, you’re going to end up sitting on a bunch of data wondering what you can do with it. To make sure that your team doesn’t waste their time, take the time to ask why this analysis is important and what questions are you hoping to answer? Some example questions that you could answer are: What gaps are our competitors leaving that we could fill to entice our target audience to choose us? What are our competitors doing well that would be difficult for us to take the time to replicate? How quickly are they growing compared to us? What types of content are they publishing that is causing their audience to interact with it? How often are they responding to their fans? These questions aren’t all inclusive by any means, but they can serve as a jumping off point for your team. Are you setting goals for your #social #media competitive analysis?You can also set goals that help put you above your competition. What that means for your team is: if you see your top competitor is growing their followers by a certain percentage, you want to grow your followers even faster. How you go on to tackle your competition will be up to you. If your competitors are growing their following by x% every month, how can you recreate that progress? You also need to determine if where your competitors are growing is something you want to invest your time into. If your competitors are growing their followers, good for them, but maybe your team wants to focus on content instead? Some questions to ask your team: What are some ways that we can increase our follower growth to x% above our top competitor? How many messages do we currently send on [Channel]? How can we increase that number? What can we do to increase our engagements per post on [Channel]? To Do: Brainstorm with your social media team and choose three questions to start that you want your competitor analysis to answer for you. You can add more as your team begins the process but don’t overwhelm them by trying to answer all 12 at once. Step Five: Choose The Channels You’ll Monitor So you have your top five competitors. Now what? Time to choose the channels you’ll be monitoring. With this process, you’ll have two different options. The first is to monitor the channels that you are active on and only observe channels that both you and your competitors are on. Meaning if you’re on Twitter and your competitor is on Twitter and Facebook, you’d only be observing their activity on Twitter. Your second option is to monitor all of your competitor’s social channels even if they are not active on all of the same ones that you are. In your competitive analysis template, you’ll see a tab dedicated to each social media channel. Depending on which channels you’re tracking, you’ll need to fill out the competitor’s name, their username or handle for each as well as a link to their profile: You’ll need to repeat that process for every social media channel that your team has decided to track your competitors on. We’ll go over the rest of those columns a little later in this post. Do better #social #media competitive analysis with this guide + free templateStep Six: Check Out Their Content Strategy The next part of your analysis is going to involve researching and analyzing your competitor’s content strategy for every channel that they are active on. For this part of your research, turn to the Content Strategy tab in your template: You’ll notice that this tab is laid out a little different than the rest, but don’t worry, we’ll go over how to fill in the data you’ve collected. The first thing you need to do is fill in the name of one of the competitors you’re looking to gather information on. For this example, let’s pretend we’re doing competitive research on Starbucks. Your template would look like this: Determine Post Type The first content strategy metric your team is going to track is post type. There are four types of posts that a brand can share on social media: Curated:  Posts where the original article, photo, video, etc. was created by someone else and then shared by the brand later. Original:  Posts where the content has been created by the brand and shared to its social channels. Promotional:  Posts where their main goal is to get their audience members to buy or subscribe to something. Educational:  Posts where their main goal is to educate the intended audience. So now that you have your four post types, you can begin to go through your competitor’s channels. How in depth your team wants to go will determine how far back you’re going to go into their social channels and normally falls into one of three segments: One week One month Six months Once you determine how far back you want to track their posts you can begin scrolling through feeds and recording the different types of posts you see: So let’s say that you scroll through Starbucks’s Facebook feed and see that they publish on  average seven messages per week, some are knowledge posts and some are curated posts. Then of those posts you see that 2 knowledge posts are in a video format, one is a photo and one is a blog. The curated posts on the other hand are all links. Keep track of those different media formats in your spreadsheet as well: The final section that you’re going to fill out about post types in this tab is the number of times they post within a certain date: You may need to add additional lines if there is more than one frequent post type. To do this, highlight the row you want to add to, right click your mouse and select Insert: You can continue repeating this process for each of your competitor’s social channels. Recommended Reading: How to Develop a Winning Social Media Content Strategy (Free Template) Record The Media Type You may notice another tab in your spreadsheet entitled Media Type. This is a section in your report where you can keep track of every content type that your competitors are using on each of their social channels. The initial list that we put into this template was: Blogs E-Books Reports Videos White pages Podcasts Landing Pages Articles Infographics Quote Graphics GIF’s Check off each media type as it appears on your competitor’s profile: Determine The Voice And Tone Used On Each Channel Another part of your content strategy  analysis will be seeing what type of voice and tone your competitors are using on their social channels. Aren’t voice and tone the same thing? No, while they are similar there are subtle differences that need to be identified. Voice: Overall brand personality. Voice can be developed and described many different ways although a common practice is to summarize it in three adjectives  that encompasses how the brand sounds overall. Tone: Tone is  emotional or feeling that a brand puts behind it’s voice and it will change depending on the context and content of the post. As you’re scrolling through competitor's posts, take note of how their posts sound. Are they professional like Microsoft: Part of the hip crowd like MTV: Or family friendly like Disney: Once you have their voice and or tone determined you can record it in your spreadsheet:

Islamic Banking as a banking system that follows the ways of Islam Essay

Islamic Banking as a banking system that follows the ways of Islam - Essay Example As such, financial products are also designed according to such principles. Accumulating wealth is not against the law, but making money through unfair or fast means is not supported. Although Islamic banking is conservative in many ways, it is also safe. In Islamic banking, all transactions must be interest-free. There are several sets of rules for transactions, leasing, joint ventures, and partnerships. These laws are formulated with the Islamic religious sayings of the Quran and religious scholars in mind. In Islamic Banking, an Ijarah denotes the activity of leasing a property, is conducted by the bank. The bank takes possession of the property from its owner and leases it to a third party for rent; no interest is charged, as per the stated norms of Islamic banking. Even the maintenance cost is borne by the bank. The Islamic regulation is against making money through unfair means. For example, if the lessee pays a fine for late payment, the money goes to charity, not to the bank. Transactions in Islamic banking are considered Salam if the buyer pays the full amount to the seller. It is important that the buyer demonstrate that he is not in debt. Islamic banking offer many products that must be passed by the Shariah Supervisory Board. This board regulates and coordinates the operational activities of banking institutions functioning under Islamic banking rules (Hassan & Lewis, 2006, p. 1-4). Ijarah The term Ijarah refers to a lease, wage, or rent. It denotes the opportunity to use an asset or service at a predetermined price or wage. Under this type of contact, the bank makes the asset available to the customers by lending them for a fixed time period and at a fixed price or rent. Ijarah is derived from the word Al Ajr, which means compensation, substitutes, or counter value. It involves transferring the usufruct but not the ownership, of the asset. In Islamic banking, the bank and the customers are involved in the lending contract. The bank transfers the us ufruct to another person for a predefined period of time and consideration. Under Ijarah, the asset to be lent should be non-perishable and non-consumable. Any assets that do not follow the criteria cannot be treated as subjects for lending. Ijarah is used in two different kinds of situations: first, for providing services to other people in exchange for wages, and second, as hired services, where the employer is called 'musta jir' and the employee is called 'ajir'. The second situation deals with the lending of assets by banks to the third party in return for fixed rental charges from the party. Both types of Ijarah are formulated according to the laws of Islam. Ijarah is not only a mode of financing but also a medium for sales. This form of transaction is also followed in other, non-Islamic western countries (Ahmed, I. & Shabbir, n. d., p. 26). Ijarah wa Iktina In this type of lease, the leasor enters into an agreement with the lessee and agrees to buy the property after the compl etion of the leased period. The contract can be terminated even before the due date for the completion of the lease. The lessee can also buy the property before the date of commencement. The purchase price is determined by the market value of the asset. Ijarah Thumma Al-Bai This combines both the contracts that are Ijarah, meaning leasing and Bai, which means the purchase of the asset. Ij

Is Small Beautiful Critically appraise management styles in small Essay

Is Small Beautiful Critically appraise management styles in small firms - Essay Example In reality, approaches to business management may be based on entrepreneurial constituents. These will ultimately describe at a greater depth articulate the small business field management, something that is the center of focus in this piece of writing. Entrepreneurial style of management in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is anticipated is associated with success. This means that, through the styles of management, a small business firm would experience a high growth from one level to another. It is true to say that entrepreneurial management is associated with type of firm; that is, growth rate. The growth rate in itself may be either high or low as Eugene, Hampson, Ian and Beryl (2003) explain in their work. This work will for sure check on variability that exists in small business firms and the kinds and their managerial styles. Literature Small firms are numerous and operational in virtually all parts of the globe. They have a sense of global competence, and a thought a bout them introduces a deal of effectiveness in terms of management and style. It is better to understand the meaning and the relationship that the managers of the firms have with those that help them run their business. In the first place, it is imperative to understand the meaning of entrepreneurship. ... Following the small nature of firms, they become easy to manage in the hunt for their growth and profitability. This comes because of innovative ideas and behaviors that an entrepreneur allies with. Character traits of an entrepreneur who is success oriented clearly spring up. They cover all most aspects of growth-targeted areas that we need to see in the entrepreneurs. We will consider the character traits in a broad manner to see how successful small business owners should operate. To begin with, there is so much to do with personality traits. This makes an entrepreneur legible enough to discern what to do at the very appropriate moment. Personality traits in any small business owner cannot allow for an exceptional thing that may ruin the business. Attitude of any small business owner boosts the general outcome of the business. In fact, a positive attitude has all it takes to see success in the business. In this regard, it instills a better level of self- effectiveness, strength of a higher order and so on. In many cases, eagerness to change according to the current situations that face SMEs is a real stepping-stone to success. This is better off when still when a small business owner shows a great deal of interest in getting involved in creativity and innovation. A business becomes so beautiful to manage in the sense where there is competition aggression and that burning need for success and achievement. Consequently, these are what constitute the logic of small business being beautiful. In a small business enterprise, planning is considerably easier. Its management is swift since it offers a friendly environment for the owners and their customers at large. This does not

Ideological differences of Cold War

Ideological differences of Cold War Question 1 What was the Cold War about? Present a thorough analysis that makes reference to the differences between countries in the East and West up to the demise of the Soviet Union. The Cold War was based upon the ideological differences of the countries of the East and those of the West. The East or Eastern Bloc referred to the countries of Eastern Europe; the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and its satellites in the Caribbean, Latin America and Asia; and the West referred to the United States of America (USA), Britain and France in particular who were rebuilding western Europe post world war II. Geographically speaking the references to east and west were more so based upon the notion that the English speaking part of the world had adopted democracy, in particular liberal democracy as the main or ideal political ideology and capitalism as the method of economic development. Almost like references to the north/ south divide where there is no strict geographical adherence. In this essay I propose to show how the Cold War of capitalism versus communism played out as well as to explain the fall of communism and the subsequent demise of the Soviet Union . Liberal democracy and capitalism seem to go hand in hand at least that is the ideal put forward by the US and Britain who seem to be basking in the consumerism that followed the Industrial Revolution. Liberalism as an ideology developed quickly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Post World War I (WWI) liberal democracy was identified by the President Woodrow Wilson as the ideology that would maintain peace and stability as long as nation states observed each others sovereignty. At the core of liberalism were the freedoms and rights of the individual, respect for private property, representative government, collective will and the minimal role of the state. The rights of the individual in particular were most important. In framing its constitution the United States had taken this into consideration with its Bill of Rights which entitles citizens to life, liberty, justice, toleration and the right to economic prosperity. This paved the way for liberal economics, which encourag ed free trade and the use of the market to determine supply and demand; Adam Smiths invisible hand. This economic policy or capitalism was based on five principles: private ownership, market economy, competition, profit and stable prices. These principles in keeping with the political regime were individualistic in nature. The idea was the private interests (entrepreneurship) would produce goods for mass consumption and the entry or exit of other players would fuel the economy. It is assumed that the consumer is rational, that is, he or she will make choices depending on taste and cost of the product. Production is consumer driven and based on profits. Communism as a political ideology and economic policy has its groundings in the theoretical precepts of Karl Marx (1818-1883). Marx had an economic interpretation of history and war in particular. He saw the basis of any conflict as class related rather than something such as race. The conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, or what he viewed as the exploitation of the masses by the elites was the basis for the production and exchange of goods and services. This was the human interaction which influenced the social processes and institutions. Marx believed that those who owned the factors of production: land, labour and capital controlled the social and cultural norms and as such dominated the society. Therefore the superstructure, laws and government were controlled by these people. Basically those who controlled the economic sphere controlled the political sphere as well. It is to this end that Marx posits that imperialism driven by capitalism has shaped modern histo ry. This knowledge shaped Marxs view that there was a need for social change, a revolution. He believed in the universal nature of class conflict and suggested that sheer universal identification of the working class everywhere would cause mass revolution and the overturn of elite government, bringing social and economic reforms. The basic tenant of communism was the communal ownership of the means of production; the polar opposite of a liberal democratic society. Andrew Heywood (Politics, 1997:33) defines communism simply as a â€Å"communal organisation of socail existence on the basis of collective ownership of propertya classless society in which wealth was owned in common, production was geared to human need and the state had withered away†. In its truest sense the Cold War was not an actual outright war which used military but more of a rivalry expressed through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, a nuclear arms race, espionage, proxy wars, propaganda, and technological competition. This war was fought mostly in satellite areas. It was about military postering and the expansion of ideology on either side. There is much contestation on when the war started, some believe it was right before the end of WWI in 1918 when the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, pushed for socialist revolution and others believe it started after WWII in 1945. Lenin and his Bolshevik party took power in October 1917 and he was the first head of the Soviet Union. His interpretation of Marxs communism is rivalled by no other. His aim was the modernise Soviet Russia, bringing it from a backward agrarian state into an industrialised nation. He knew building a new state from the bottom up was going to be difficult so he or chestrated a means of keeping the working class disciplined and committed to the cause. His attempt at starting with the working class in the countryside was miscalculated. The working class wanted to be the middle class and the middle class wanted to be the upper class, there was no immediate consolidation of the working class and the middle class to overthrow the upper class. So Lenin would have to take measures into his own hands; the revolution had to come from the top then. The Bolshevik party had to seize power and maintain it in order to keep the proletariat in check and committed, it became less of soviet democracy and more like a dictatorship. The pressure that Marx said would force a revolution and development of the state was not coming from the masses but from the political elites. The vanguard party was in the process of fashioning a regime which eventually let to a civil war. The internal fighting did not help the fact that the Soviet Union had now found it self in a d iplomatic wilderness because it had isolated itself from its capitalist neighbours. The civil war started to create chinks in the soviet armour, the intense spending on the war meant less money being spent on the social welfare of the masses. According to Martin McCauleys The Soviet Union 1917-1991 (1993:31), â€Å"(M)ore than anything else it was the lack of Bolshevik success in the economic sphere, under the conditions of civil war, which shaped and fashioned the Soviet regime. Shortages, cold, hunger and disease racked the communist body politic† The Bolshevik party had forgotten about their people, the very people that they were supposed to be serving. The party had lost its way and the Russian economy was dwindling because of it. Money had become useless as the state was encouraging production with out pay, there was little incentive. Lenins dream of a mixed economy had died and had ushered in the new socialist economy but soon he became disillusioned again with what see med to be the non-existence of a proletariat essentially there was no one to lead, the country was far from where he has thought it would be, it was in ruin. With the succession of Leon Trotsky the economy did not fare any better. Trotsky did not under stand the political principles as his rival for leadership Stalin did. Slowly and surely Stalin was undermining Trotskys, at first with minor disagreements and then replacing Trotsky supporters with his own friends especially in the key areas around the country. Even through all of this, Lenin was observing and had found that Joseph Stalin was a brilliantly skilful man but he had become too ambitious and opportunistic. Lenin saw this as huge fault and that is why he continued to support Trotsky as his successor because Trotsky was willing to see Lenins dream through to the end. Stalin however, eventually stepped into the shoes of Lenin by sabotaging Trotskys attempts to let the words and ideas of Lenin live in his memory. Lenin was the only Soviet leader who was even remotely close to what was Marxism and Marxs ideal. Stalin stated that he viewed international politics as a bipolar world i n which the Soviet Union would attract countries gravitating to socialism and capitalist countries would attract states gravitating toward capitalism, while the world was in a period of temporary stabilization of capitalism preceding its eventual collapse. Socialism and capitalism came together to fight World War II against Nazi Germany, but the Soviet Union was growing suspicious of the wests ambitions regarding the resettlement of the war torn European continent. The western Allies desired a security system in which democratic governments were established as widely as possible, permitting countries to peacefully resolve differences through international organizations, such as the League of Nations (United Nations). In order to combat this situation the Soviet Union sought to insert itself into the domestic politics of nations on its borders and so Poland (incorporated into two different SSRs), Latvia (Latvian SSR), Estonia (Estonian SSR), Lithuania (Lithuanian SSR), part of easter n Finland (Karelo-Finnish SSR) and eastern Romania (Moldavian SSR). After annexing several occupied countries as Soviet Socialist Republics at the end of World War II, other occupied states were added to the Eastern Bloc by converting them into puppet Soviet Satellite states, such as East Germany, the Peoples Republic of Poland, the Peoples Republic of Hungary, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, the Peoples Republic of Romania and the Peoples Republic of Albania. The Soviet-style regimes that arose in the Bloc not only reproduced Soviet command economies, but also adopted the brutal methods employed by Joseph Stalin and Soviet secret police to suppress real and potential opposition. Stalin began completely shut out the rest of the world. The only thing the people of the Soviet Union knew was the positive propaganda espoused by Stalin. Films, books, art of any kind were forbidden and creativity was stifled. In order to preserve what was left of the communist dream Stalin shut off the world all technology even household appliances were forbidden. Foreign products were contraband and the black market thrived. There was an ideological battle going on within the Soviet Union. Many were executed and exiled. Beginning in 1934, Stalin began murderous purges of the Party through a series of show trials. By January 1947 the Soviet Union had become more and more financially strained. Further more the division of Germany into east and west had created a political nightmare for those living on either side. In Asia, the Red Army had overrun Manchuria in the last month of the war, and went on to occupy the large part of Korean territory. In early 1947, Britain, France and the United States unsuccessfully attempted to reach an agreement with the Soviet Union for a plan envisioning an economically self-sufficient Germany, including a detailed accounting of the industrial plants, goods and infrastructure already removed by the Soviets. In June 1947, in accordance with the Truman Doctrine, the United States enacted the Marshall Plan, a pledge of economic assistance for all European countries willing to participate, including the Soviet Union. The Marshall Plan was to rebuild and democratise Europe and this was contingent on Germanys recovery. The United States and Britain merged their western German occupation zones into Bizonia (later trizonia with the addition of Frances zone). As part of the economic rebuilding of Germany, in early 19 48, representatives of a number of Western European governments and the United States announced an agreement for a merger of western German areas into a federal governmental system. In addition, in accordance with the Marshall Plan, they began to re-industrialize and rebuild the German economy, including the introduction of a new Deutsche Mark currency to replace the old Reichsmark currency that the Soviets had debased. After the death of Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev presented himself as a down-to-earth activist prepared to take up any challenge. Khrushchev arranged for the Kremlin grounds to be opened to the public, an act with great public resonance. Khrushchev sought reforms to agriculture; in fact he started to de-Stalinise the state. To the shock and dismay of his party members he was openly criticising Stalin whom he had seemed so faithful to. He openly discussed Stalins brutish behaviour and all his crimes. Essentially assassinating what little was left behind of Stalin. Nationalist movements in some countries and regions, notably Guatemala, Iran, the Philippines, and Indochina were often allied with communist groups—or at least were perceived in the West to be allied with communists. In this context, the US and the Soviet Union increasingly competed for influence by proxy in the Third World as decolonization gained momentum in the 1950s and early 1960s; additionally, the Soviets saw continuing losses by imperial powers as presaging the eventual victory of their ideology. The US government utilized the CIA in order to remove a string of unfriendly Third World governments and to support allied ones. The US used the CIA to overthrow governments suspected by Washington of turning pro-Soviet Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954. Between 1954 and 1961, the US sent economic aid and military advisers to stem the collapse of South Vietnams pro-Western regime. Many emerging nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America rejected the pressure to choose sides in the East-West competition. In 1955, at the Bandung Conference in Indonesia, dozens of Third World governments resolved to stay out of the Cold War. The consensus reached at Bandung culminated with the creation of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961. Meanwhile, Khrushchev broadened Moscows policy to establish ties with India and other key neutral states. Independence movements in the Third World transformed the post-war order into a more pluralistic world of decolonized African and Middle Eastern nations and of rising nationalism in Asia and Latin America. The Soviet Union formed an alliance with Fidel Castro-led Cuba after the Cuban Revolution in 1959. In 1962, President John F. Kennedy responded to the installation of nuclear missiles in Cuba with a naval blockade. The Cuban Missile Crisis brought the world closer to nuclear war than ever before. It further demonstrated the concept of mutually assured destruction, that neither nuclear power was prepared to use nuclear weapons fearing total destruction via nuclear retaliation. The aftermath of the crisis led to the first efforts in the nuclear arms race at nuclear disarmament and improving relations, although the Cold Wars first arms control agreement, the Antarctic Treaty, had come into force in 1961. In 1964, Khrushchevs Kremlin colleagues managed to oust him, but allowed him a peaceful retirement. Accused of rudeness and incompetence, he was also credited with ruining Soviet agriculture and bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war. Khrushchev had become an international embarrassment when he authorised construction of the Berlin Wall, a public humiliation for Marxism-Leninism. From the beginning of the post-war period, Western Europe and Japan rapidly recovered from the destruction of World War II and sustained strong economic growth through the 1950s and 60s, with per capita Gross Domestic Products approaching those of the United States, while Eastern Bloc economies stagnated. A succession of leaders followed and failed to correct or reform the failing USSRs bid for a social revolution. By the time the comparatively youthful Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary in 1985; the Soviet economy was stagnant and faced a sharp fall in foreign currency earnings as a result of the downward slide in oil prices in the 1980s. These issues prompted Gorbachev to investigate measures to revive the ailing state. An ineffectual start led to the conclusion that deeper structural changes were necessary and in June 1987 Gorbachev announced an agenda of economic reform called perestroika, or restructuring. Perestroika relaxed the production quota system, allowed private ownership of businesses and paved the way for foreign investment. These measures were intended to redirect the countrys resources from costly Cold War military commitments to more profitable areas in the civilian sector. There were many contradictions within the party and the execution of the communist re ality. 1. The first contradiction is that collectivization and heavy-handed bureaucracy kept productivity and efficiency in agriculture and industry low. 2. The second contradiction is that the Soviet Union was trying to encourage communism by providing significant monies in aid to countries in its socialist sphere of influence, especially Cuba, and engaging in revolutionary activities e.g.: Angola, Nicaragua, Afghanistan, etc†¦, but was experiencing severe economic difficulties. Overstretch. 3. Marx and Lenin postulated that people would unite base on class but underestimated thee power of nationalism. 4. The Vanguard Party was to be temporary but its top level bureaucrats â€Å"the nomenklatura† became an entrenched class. It was to represent the people but the needs of ordinary people were ignored. 5. The command economy meant that while the USSR was occupied with the space race and arms race, it also had an additional burden not carried by the US, that is, a large welfare system to maintain, as well as satellites to look after. Despite initial scepticism in the West, the new Soviet leader proved to be committed to reversing the Soviet Unions deteriorating economic condition instead of continuing the arms race with the West. Partly as a way to fight off internal opposition from party cliques to his reforms, Gorbachev simultaneously introduced glasnost, or openness, which increased freedom of the press and the transparency of state institutions. Glasnost was intended to reduce the corruption at the top of the Communist Party and moderate the abuse of power in the Central Committee. Glasnost also enabled increased contact between Soviet citizens and the western world, particularly with the United States, contributing to the accelerating dà ©tente between the two nations. Gorbachev spent his first two years consolidating his power by purging the party of dissidents and continuing the policies of previous presidents. It is however, the reform era (1987-1989) in which perestroika took place. Gorbachev was not th e first USSR leader to make amendments; Yuri Andropov had called for increased discipline and decentralization. But these were initially minimalist and so was Gorbachev at first. However, by 1987 it became apparent to him that more widespread changes needed to be made. In his book Perestroika, he noted that his immediate priorities were: to put the economy in order tighten up discipline rise the level of organization and responsibility Catch up in areas where they were behind. And by 1987, Gorbachev had formulated a theory and plan known as perestroika, Russian for restructuring. Gorbachev saw quality control as a means to achieve this. He created a new bureaucracy and introduced evaluators and controllers in factories to reject faulty products (Kenez 249). He sought to implement greater incentives for workers to produce. Kenez notes that these made him unpopular with the working class, diminishing his support. He also cut back on aid and reduced USSR involvement in proxy wars (e.g: Afghanistan), Cuba. He also called for the need for acceleration of scientific and technological progress and modernisation of industry. He gave power to factory workers to determine their own product mix and wage scales (Kenez). These changes undermined the existing centrally planned and centrally controlled economy. Not only this, manager would bid up wages because they knew the state wouldnt allow the factories to go bankrupt and would bail them up and this further contributed to inflation. It should be noted that Gorbachev made it clear that he was conducting all the reforms in accordance with socialism. His initial domestic and foreign goal was to make the existing soviet system work better. He initially spoke of perfecting the economy, rather than reforming it and was sceptical about free market experiments. Perestroika can only come through democracy. Unless the interests of people and social groups were taken into account, it was impossible to accomplish any of these tasks. Glasnost, or â€Å"openness† it should be noted was one of the first reforms he implemented even before this whole reform package which later became known as â€Å"Perestroika†. Glasnost was initially a slight opening of expression to facilitate fuller discussion of economic issues (Ebenstein and Fogelman). Eventually it came to include a wide range of freedoms. But can democratic freedoms be implemented on a political structure held together by force ad expect the structure to maintain its integrity? So what exactly were these reforms and what were the consequences? Foreign radio broadcast beamed at the USSR were no longer jammed. This meant that citizens had access to alternative sources of information about this own country and weakened the position of the party whose power was based on its secrecy and control of info. Openness led to an outpouring of information to Soviet citizens and to the world concerning current Soviet political, economic and social problems, e.g: Chernobyl. The USSRs dirty laundry was being aired. It showed that the seemingly powerful USSR had problems. Formerly banned works of writers were allowed Glasnost was seen as a threat by party members because it threatened the bureaucratic structure and positions of privilege and affluence they once enjoyed. This weakened Gorbachevs support among party officials and hence his legitimacy. â€Å"By opening the door to public criticism of the regimes failures and inequities and perestroika, by decentralizing the economy, threaten the monopoly of party power.† Along with criticism of Stalin, etc.†¦Gorbachev also found himself being openly criticized. This weakened his aura of power and this was decisive because what does this mean for a system predicated on a leader who rules with an iron fist? If the leader is weakened, so is the system. Anti-alcohol campaign was to â€Å"improve the health of the family and enhance its role in society† and stopped serving alcohol at state functions, raised the price of vodka, limited distributions, among other things. The anti-alcohol campaign reduced alcohol consumption to an extent but was largely unpopular. People were hospitalized for drinking poison. Production of home brews increased. More importantly, vodka was one of the mainstays of the USSR economy and revenues dropped (Kenez). To sum it all up, perestroika by itself did not lead to the fall of the USSR, neither did Reagan. The collapse of the USSR was as a result of a combination of factors. Including growing contradictions within the USSR which Perestroika unwittingly helped to exacerbate. Gorbachev sought to bring about democratic practices on a system which had been founded upon and maintained through force. The revelation about the increasing political and socio-economic problems of a military overstretched and overburdened USSR helped to show up the chinks in the USSR armor. A relentless West and a more conciliatory USSR and Gorbachevs weakening position within his own country were the final nails in the coffin, which allowed a coup to occur and Yeltsin to declare independence for Russia and ultimately the fall of the USSR. Bibliography Ebenstein, A. et al (2000) Todays ISMs : Socialism, Capitalism, Fascism, Communism and Libertarianism. New Jersey: Prentice Hall McCauley, M. (1993) The Soviet Union 1917-1991. New York: Longman Pipes, R. (1994) Russia Under The Bolshevik Regime. New York: Vintage Books Kenez, P. (1999) A History of the Soviet Union from the Beginning to the End. New York: Cambridge University Press

Annexure

ANNEXURE I SIGNIFICANT CHANGES REFERRED TO IN PARA 4 OF THIS CIRCULAR Sr. Subject Matter No. 1. Exemption from eligibility norms for making an IPO 2. Debarment Provision under the rescinded Guidelines Exemption available to banking company, corresponding new bank and infrastructure company. Company prohibited from making an issue of securities if it had been prohibited from accessing the capital market under any order or direction passed by the Board. Provision under the ICDR Regulations Exemption removed.Eligibility norms made applicable uniformly to all types of issuers. Issuer not to make public issue or rights issue of specified securities if: (a) the issuer, any of its promoters, promoter group or directors or persons in control of the issuer are debarred from accessing the capital market by the Board; (b) if any of the promoters, directors or persons in control of the issuer was or also is a promoter, director or person in control of any other company which is debarred from acc essing the capital market under any order or directions made by the Board.Provided for. 3. 4. 5. 6. Offer for sale by listed companies OTCEI Issues and E-IPO Firm allotment in public issues Reservation on competitive basis in public issues No provision. Contained in Chapter XIV and Omitted. Chapter XI A. Permitted. Omitted. (a) For Indian and multilateral (a) Omitted. development financial institutions, Indian mutual funds, foreign institutional investors and scheduled banks. b) For shareholders of the (b) For shareholders (other than 6 7. promoters) in respect of listed promoting companies in promoting companies, in case the case of a new of a new issuer and listed group company and shareholders companies, in case of an of group companies in the existing issuer. case of an existing company. Book building Book building process 75% book building route omitted. process through 75% or 100% of issue size. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.Allotment/ refund period in public issues Disclosure of price or price band Transfer of surplus money in Green Shoe Option (GSO) Bank Account Issue period for Infrastructure companies in public issues Currency of financial statements disclosed in the offer document 30 days for fixed price issues and 15 days for book built issues. Required in draft prospectus in case of fixed price public issues. Surplus money to be transferred to Investor Protection Fund of Stock Exchanges. 15 days for both fixed price and book built issues. Not required to be disclosed in draft prospectus.Surplus money to be transferred to Investor Protection and Education Fund (IPEF) established by the Board. 21 days, as against 10 days Uniform period of 10 days for all for other issues. types of issuers. 13. 14. 15. Definition â€Å"Key Management Personnel† Disclosure on Not provided. pledge of shares by promoters Extent of Not explicit. Particulars as per audited Government and non-government financial statements not to be issuers treated at par. more than 6 months ol d from the issue opening date for all issuers, except Government companies.Defined. of Not defined. Provided for. Where 100% of the offer through 7 underwriting obligation 16. The term â€Å"Financial Financial open to institution as a Institution† interpretation. monitoring agency Definition of Includes permanent â€Å"employee† employee/ director of subsidiary or holding company of the issuer. Restrictions on If issue opening and closing advertisements advertisement contained highlights, then the advertisement required to contain risk factors. Forfeiture money unexercised warrants preferential issues of Open to interpretation. n in 17. 18. offer document is underwritten, underwriting obligations shall be for the entire amount underwritten. The term â€Å"financial Institution† replaced by â€Å"public financial institution or a scheduled commercial bank†. Excludes permanent employee/ director of subsidiary or holding company of the issuer and promoters and immediate relatives of promoters. If advertisement contains information other than the details specified in the format for issue advertisement, the advertisement shall contain risk factors. 19. 20. 21.Outstanding convertible instruments in case of initial public offer (IPO) Minimum promoters’ contribution 22. Issue period in case of public issues Where the warrant holder exercises his option to convert only some of the warrants held by him, upfront payment made against only such warrants can be adjusted. The balance upfront payment made against the remaining unexercised warrants shall be forfeited. Compulsory conversion of Compulsory conversion of all outstanding convertible outstanding convertible instruments instruments and other rights held by any person. eld by promoters or shareholders. Could be brought in by Shall be brought in only by whose identity, promoters/ persons belonging promoters to promoter group/friends, photograph, etc are disclosed in the relatives and associates of offer document. promoters. Issue period not clear in case Total issue period not to exceed 10 of revision in price band in days, including any revision in price book built public issues. band. 8 23. 24. 25.Pre-issue advertisement to be made after registering of prospectus/ red herring prospectus with Registrar of Companies before opening of the issue. uch as Only checklist to be attached. Documents to be Documents attached with memorandum of association due diligence and articles of association of the company, audited balance certificate sheet, checklist for compliance with the rescinded Guidelines etc. Group The term â€Å"group companies† The term â€Å"group companies† companies not explained. explained. Timing of preissue advertisement for public issues Pre-issue advertisement to be made immediately after receipt of observations from the Board. 9ANNEXURE II APPLICABILITY OF THE ICDR REGULATIONS IN RESPECT OF DRAFT OFFER DOCUMENTS FILED UNDER THE RESC INDED GUIDELINES Sr. No. 1. Particulars Applicability of the ICDR Regulations Draft offer documents filed, but Such draft offer documents would be considered as observations yet to be issued filed with the Board under the corresponding provisions of the ICDR Regulations. Merchant bankers by the Board may, however, be required to submit a checklist confirming compliance with the corresponding provisions of the ICDR Regulations.Observations issued by the Board under the rescinded Guidelines, but in-seriatim reply yet to be filed by merchant bankers (a) In-seriatim reply filed with the Board under the rescinded Guidelines (b) Offer document yet to be registered with the Registrar of Companies (ROC) / filed with the designated stock exchange (DSE), as the case may be In-seriatim reply shall be filed in terms of the ICDR Regulations and while doing so, merchant bankers shall submit a checklist, along with a confirmation that all the provisions of the ICDR Regulations have been duly compl ied with.Merchant bankers shall be required to submit a checklist, along with a confirmation that all the provisions of the ICDR Regulations have been duly complied with, before registering/ filing the offer document with the ROC/ DSE, as the case may be. 2. 3. 4. Offer document registered with Merchant bankers may proceed with the issue. the ROC / filed with the designated stock exchange, as the case may be

The 5-Minute Rule for Compare and Contrast Essay Outline Samples

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